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Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis

AECB

Facts

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are together called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. This is a chronic condition, usually attributed to tobacco smoking, causing shortness of breath and cough, leading to limitation of everyday activities like walking.

When breathing becomes more difficult for a person with COPD, they may be experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). During an acute exacerbation, breathing becomes more difficult because of further narrowing of the airways and secretion of large amounts of mucus that is often thicker than usual.

Causes

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are together called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. This is a chronic condition, usually attributed to tobacco smoking, causing shortness of breath and cough, leading to limitation of everyday activities like walking.

When breathing becomes more difficult for a person with COPD, they may be experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). During an acute exacerbation, breathing becomes more difficult because of further narrowing of the airways and secretion of large amounts of mucus that is often thicker than usual.

Treatment and Prevention

Prevention of acute exacerbations for a person with COPD includes:

  • quitting smoking and avoiding dust, second-hand smoke, and other inhaled irritants
  • immunization against influenza (yearly) and pneumonia (single injection, or several as recommended by your doctor)
  • regular exercise, appropriate rest, and healthy nutrition as discussed with health professionals
  • avoiding people who currently have an infectious respiratory disease such as a cold or influenza
  • maintaining good fluid intake and humidifying the home to help reduce the problem of thick sputum and chest congestion

Treatment of AECOPD may include:

  • inhaled bronchodilators: Treatment with bronchodilators such as salbutamol and ipratropium* open up the airways in the lungs.
  • Antibiotics: This treatment is used if a bacterial infection is the suspected cause. Antibiotics will not help infections caused by viruses. Viral infections will usually go away on their own with the aid of proper rest and care. However, other medications may be needed to control symptoms.
  • corticosteroids: Oral prednisone reduces inflammation in the airways. It is usually used for a short period of time when an acute exacerbation occurs.
  • oxygen therapy: A physician will recommend this if your blood oxygen level is too low. Some people with severe COPD require oxygen on an ongoing basis. Portable "home oxygen therapy" allows a person to remain mobile while receiving this therapy.

Any person with chronic bronchitis should have a treatment or "care plan" in place for those times when an acute exacerbation suddenly hits. A doctor and patient must agree on which symptoms to watch for (e.g., shortness of breath, change in character or amount of mucus) before the person starts self-treatment. Such plans allow a person to start treatment right away so symptoms are kept as much under control as possible until a doctor can be seen.


*All medications have both common (generic) and brand names. The brand name is what a specific manufacturer calls the product (e.g., Tylenol®). The common name is the medical name for the medication (e.g., acetaminophen). A medication may have many brand names, but only one common name. This article lists medications by their common names. For information on a given medication, check our Drug Information database. For more information on brand names, speak with your doctor or pharmacist.

All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2025. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Acute-Exacerbations-of-Chronic-Bronchitis