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Morning Sickness

Morning Sickness

Facts

Nausea and vomiting are among the most common symptoms of pregnancy. Nausea refers to a feeling of stomach discomfort or the urge to vomit.  Vomiting is the actual expulsion of stomach contents. Together, they are commonly known as NVP (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy). While it’s often referred to as morning sickness,it can occur at any time of day.

It’s estimated that NVP occurs in 50 to 80% of pregnancies. While NVP is usually mild and temporary, these symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, daily functioning, and the overall pregnancy experience.

Causes

The exact cause of NVP remains unclear, but several factors likely contribute:

  • Hormones: hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy, has been linked to severe nausea, particularly in women with multiple pregnancies. Estrogen and progesterone may slow digestion and worsen nausea, though symptoms usually improve even when hormone levels remain high later in pregnancy.
  • Gastrointestinal changes: During pregnancy, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, which can cause heartburn, and in turn, worsen nausea. For some, abnormal gastric rhythms (gastrointestinal dysmotility) may also play a role.
  • Metabolic and immune factors: Metabolic or immune problems, like low blood sugar, nutrient deficiencies (particularly in zinc or vitamin B6), and changes in cholesterol levels or immune response can worsen nausea.
  • Genetics: Having a family history of severe NVP increases your risk. It also tends to be more common in those who are pregnant with identical twins than fraternal.
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors: Motion sickness, fatigue, stress, heat, strong odours, or certain foods can worsen symptoms.
  • Medical factors: Other medical conditions, such as having a history of migraines, gastrointestinal problems, or stomach infections, may worsen NVP. Many medications, including prenatal vitamins with iron, can contribute to nausea.

Treatment and Prevention

Mild cases of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can be managed with lifestyle and dietary changes. Eating small, frequent meals throughout the day, choosing bland foods such as crackers, toast, bananas, or rice, and keeping snacks by the bed to eat before getting out of bed can help. Spicy, greasy, and strong-smelling foods should be avoided. It may also help to eat before becoming too hungry.

Staying hydrated is essential, and some find relief by consuming liquids in smaller amounts, timing it away from meals, or having carbonated drinks. Adequate rest, reducing stress, and avoiding overheated environments can also reduce symptoms.

Natural remedies may provide relief for some women. Ginger has been traditionally used to ease nausea and improve digestion, though research findings are mixed. Acupressure and acupuncture, based on traditional Chinese medicine, may also help with nausea in some cases, however the evidence is not conclusive.

When symptoms are severe or persistent, anti-nausea medications may be necessary. In Canada, a combination of an antihistamine (doxylamine) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is approved for treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Vitamin B6 supplements and antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate (Gravol) or diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may also be used.

For those suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, intravenous fluids containing electrolytes, sugars, and vitamins may be required to prevent dehydration and malnutrition. In some cases, stronger anti-nausea medications are prescribed.

All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2026. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Nausea-and-Vomiting-in-Pregnancy